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Types of Governments

Alphabetical list with hierarchy

The following list groups major political systems (recognized by political science) in alphabetical order. The various subtype political systems are listed below the main system of government.

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By approach to regional autonomy

This list focuses on differing approaches that political systems take to the distribution of sovereignty, and the autonomy of regions within the state.

By political franchise

This list shows a division based on differences in political franchise (suffrage).

According to Weber's tripartite classification of authority

Max Weber in his tripartite classification of authority distinguished three ideal types of political leadership, domination and authority:

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According to an etymologist approach

Finally, the list below present an etymologist's approach to forms of government: the following are real, possible or imaginary forms of government, all made different by the prefix and suffix combination. Nearly all use one of two suffixes: -archy meaning "leadership" (eg. anarchy - no leadership), and -cracy suffix from Greek "kratos" and means "strength" and "power" (e.g., democracy - people's power). The major exception is the Republic, which is derived from the Latin res publicae, which means "the public matter" or, more literally, "the thing of the people", i.e. socio-political affairs. For various extant terms, an example or annotation is juxtaposed.

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Alphabetical list of countries

Name Constitutional basis Head of state Basis of executive legitimacy
Flag of Afghanistan Afghanistan Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Albania Albania Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Algeria Algeria Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Andorra Andorra Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Angola Angola Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Argentina Argentina Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Armenia Armenia Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Australia Australia Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Austria Austria Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of The Bahamas Bahamas Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Bahrain Bahrain Constitutional monarchy Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
Flag of Bangladesh Bangladesh Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Barbados Barbados Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Belarus Belarus Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Belgium Belgium Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Belize Belize Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Benin Benin Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Bhutan Bhutan Absolute monarchy
Flag of Bolivia Bolivia Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Botswana Botswana Republic Executive Parliamentary
Flag of Brazil Brazil Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Brunei Brunei Absolute monarchy
Flag of Bulgaria Bulgaria Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Burkina Faso Burkina Faso Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Burundi Burundi Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Cambodia Cambodia Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Cameroon Cameroon Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Canada Canada Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Cape Verde Cape Verde Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Central African Republic Central African Republic Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Chad Chad Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Chile Chile Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of People's Republic of China China, People's Republic of Republic Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
Flag of Republic of China China, Republic of Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Colombia Colombia Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Comoros Comoros Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Democratic Republic of the Congo Congo, Democratic Republic of the Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Republic of the Congo Congo, Republic of the Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Costa Rica Costa Rica Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Côte d'Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Croatia Croatia Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Cuba Cuba Republic Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
Flag of Cyprus Cyprus Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Czech Republic Czech Republic Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Denmark Denmark Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Djibouti Djibouti Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Dominica Dominica Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Dominican Republic Dominican Republic Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of East Timor East Timor Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Ecuador Ecuador Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Egypt Egypt Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of El Salvador El Salvador Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Eritrea Eritrea Republic No constitutional basis to current regime
Flag of Estonia Estonia Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Ethiopia Ethiopia Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Fiji Fiji Republic No constitutional basis to current regime
Flag of Finland Finland Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of France France Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Gabon Gabon Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of The Gambia Gambia Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Georgia (country) Georgia Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Germany Germany Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Ghana Ghana Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Greece Greece Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Grenada Grenada Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Guatemala Guatemala Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Guinea Guinea Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Guyana Guyana Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Haiti Haiti Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Honduras Honduras Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Hungary Hungary Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Iceland Iceland Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of India India Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Indonesia Indonesia Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Iran Iran Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Iraq Iraq Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Republic of Ireland Ireland Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Israel Israel Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Italy Italy Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Jamaica Jamaica Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Japan Japan Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Jordan Jordan Constitutional monarchy Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
Flag of Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Kenya Kenya Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Kiribati Kiribati Republic Executive Parliamentary
Flag of North Korea Korea, North Republic Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
Flag of South Korea Korea, South Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Kuwait Kuwait Constitutional monarchy Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
Flag of Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Laos Laos Republic Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
Flag of Latvia Latvia Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Lebanon Lebanon Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Lesotho Lesotho Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Liberia Liberia Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Libya Libya Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Constitutional monarchy Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
Flag of Lithuania Lithuania Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Luxembourg Luxembourg Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Republic of Macedonia Macedonia Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Madagascar Madagascar Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Malawi Malawi Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Malaysia Malaysia Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Maldives Maldives Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Mali Mali Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Malta Malta Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Marshall Islands Marshall Islands Republic Executive Parliamentary
Flag of Mauritania Mauritania Republic No constitutional basis to current regime
Flag of Mauritius Mauritius Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Mexico Mexico Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Federated States of Micronesia Micronesia Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Moldova Moldova Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Monaco Monaco Constitutional monarchy Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
Flag of Mongolia Mongolia Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Montenegro Montenegro Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Morocco Morocco Constitutional monarchy Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
Flag of Mozambique Mozambique Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Myanmar Myanmar Republic No constitutional basis to current regime
Flag of Namibia Namibia Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Nauru Nauru Republic Executive Parliamentary
Flag of Nepal Nepal Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Netherlands Netherlands Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of New Zealand New Zealand Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Nicaragua Nicaragua Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Niger Niger Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Nigeria Nigeria Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Norway Norway Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Oman Oman Absolute monarchy
Flag of Pakistan Pakistan Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Palau Palau Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Panama Panama Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Paraguay Paraguay Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Peru Peru Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Philippines Philippines Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Poland Poland Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Portugal Portugal Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Qatar Qatar Absolute monarchy
Flag of Romania Romania Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Russia Russia Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Rwanda Rwanda Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Saint Lucia Saint Lucia Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Samoa Samoa Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of San Marino San Marino Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Absolute monarchy
Flag of Senegal Senegal Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Serbia Serbia Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Seychelles Seychelles Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Singapore Singapore Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Slovakia Slovakia Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Slovenia Slovenia Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Solomon Islands Solomon Islands Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Somalia Somalia Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of South Africa South Africa Republic Executive Parliamentary
Flag of Spain Spain Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Sudan Sudan Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Suriname Suriname Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Swaziland Swaziland Absolute monarchy
Flag of Sweden Sweden Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Switzerland Switzerland Republic Executive Parliamentary
Flag of Syria Syria Republic Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
Flag of Tajikistan Tajikistan Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Tanzania Tanzania Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Thailand Thailand Constitutional monarchy No constitutional basis to current regime
Flag of Togo Togo Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Tonga Tonga Absolute monarchy
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Tunisia Tunisia Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Turkey Turkey Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Tuvalu Tuvalu Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Uganda Uganda Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Ukraine Ukraine Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates Constitutional monarchy Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
Flag of United Kingdom United Kingdom Constitutional monarchy Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of United States United States Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Uruguay Uruguay Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Vanuatu Vanuatu Republic Ceremonial Parliamentary
Flag of Vatican City Vatican City Absolute monarchy
Flag of Venezuela Venezuela Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Vietnam Vietnam Republic Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
Flag of Yemen Yemen Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Western Sahara Western Sahara Republic Executive Semi-Presidential
Flag of Zambia Zambia Republic Executive Presidential
Flag of Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Republic Executive Presidential

 

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Systems of Governance

Presidential / Separated republics

These are systems in which a president is the active head of the executive branch of government and is elected and remains in office independently of the legislature. The following list includes democratic and non-democratic states:

Full presidential systems

In full presidential systems, the president is both head of state and head of government. There is no prime minister.

 

Semi-presidential systems

In semi-presidential systems, there is a president and a prime minister. In such systems, the President has genuine executive authority, unlike in a parliamentary republic, but some of the role of a head of government is exercised by the prime minister, who is also head of the legislature.

 

Parliamentary republics

A Parliamentary republic is a system in which a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. However, there can also be an elected president that serves as a symbolic head of state or figurehead.

Constitutional monarchies

Systems in which a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. The head of state is a constitutional monarch who only exercises his or her powers with the consent of the government, the people or their representatives.

 

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Commonwealth realms

Constitutional monarchies, in which Queen Elizabeth II serves as head of state over an independent government. In each Realm, she acts as the monarch of that state, and is usually titled accordingly - for example, Queen of Australia. The Queen appoints a Governor-General to each country other than the United Kingdom to act as her representative. The prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature.

 

Semi-constitutional monarchies

The prime minister (or equivalent) is the nation's active executive, but the monarch still has considerable political powers that can be used at his/her own independent discretion.

Absolute monarchies

Monarchies in which the monarch is the active head of the executive branch and exercises all powers.

Theocracies

Non-democratic states based on a state religion where the head of state is selected by some form of religious hierarchy.

One-party states

Non-democratic states in which political power is concentrated within a single political party whose operations are largely fused with the government hierarchy.

Military junta states

The nation's armed forces control the organs of government and all high-ranking political executives are also members of the military hierarchy.

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Transitional

States which have a system of government which is in transition or turmoil and cannot be accurately classified. (with current direction of change)

Systems of Internal Governance

Federal

States in which the federal government shares power with semi-independent regional governments. In many cases, the central government is (in theory) a creation of the regional governments; a prime example is the United States.

Devolved

States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to self-governing subsidiary governments, creating a de facto federation.

Regionalized unitary

States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to regional governments.

Federacy

A federacy is a country in which some substates function like states in a federation and others like states in a unitary state.

BC Newsround : types of government

 

Unitary

see Unitary state

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faini

 

brent fletcher

 

 

most people talk bullshit

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Notes

  1. The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) is a government in exile, located in Tindouf, Algeria. Most of the territory of Western Sahara is under military occupation by Morocco; the rest is administered by the SADR.

  2. In Bangladesh, a Caretaker government takes over for three months during parliamentary elections. The Caretaker government is headed by a Chief advisor (the last Chief Justice to retire), and a group of neutral, non-partisan advisors chosen from the civil society. During this time, the president has jurisdiction over the Ministry of defense and the Ministry of foreign affairs.

  3. There is neither a prime minister nor a president of Switzerland. The President of the Swiss Confederation is merely primus inter pares in the Swiss Federal Council, the seven-member executive council which constitutes the government as well as the head of state of Switzerland.

  4. Bishop of Urgell and President of France serve as ex-officio co-princes

  5. The King of Nepal gave himself absolute authority for three years in 2005; he has given up absolute power on April 21, 2006, but constitutional government has not yet resumed

  6. Bhutan is in the process of democratization by request of the king.

  7. UAE is a federation of absolute monarchies, with the federal president drawn from hereditary emirs

  8. Iran combines the forms of a presidential republic, with a president elected by universal suffrage; and a theocracy, with a Supreme Leader who is ultimately responsible for state policy, chosen by the elected Assembly of Experts. Candidates for both the Assembly of Experts and the presidency are vetted by the appointed Guardian Council.

  9. The President of Fiji is the actual leader who on 4 December 2006 dissolved the parliament without the prime minister's consent, thereby setting the stage for a coup by the military commander.

  10. On August 3, 2005, the military of Mauritania staged a coup and declared a two year transitional military dictatorship. Civilian rule is scheduled to be restored on April 19, 2007.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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